If commercial ORS is not available, homemade solutions may be used. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)-clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar-is the treatment of choice. Breastfeeding for at least six months and vaccination against rotavirus is also recommended. ĭiarrhea can be prevented by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. In most cases, stool cultures to confirm the exact cause are not required. These include lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis, hyperthyroidism, bile acid diarrhea, and a number of medications. A number of non-infectious causes can result in diarrhea. If blood is present, it is also known as dysentery. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks, which can be either watery or bloody). These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by feces, or directly from another person who is infected. The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacterium, or parasite-a condition also known as gastroenteritis. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are exclusively breastfed, however, are normal. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. ![]() Oral rehydration solution, zinc supplementation ĭiarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa in British English, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. Handwashing, rotavirus vaccination, breastfeeding Usually infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic) Loose frequent bowel movements, dehydration An electron micrograph of rotavirus, the cause of nearly 40% of hospitalizations from diarrhea in children under five
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